Kūkākūkā nā kemika ma ke kula nui a me ka ʻoihana i nā mea e lilo i poʻomanaʻo i ka makahiki aʻe

Ua wānana nā loea 6 i nā ʻano nui o ka kemika no 2023

Kūkākūkā nā kemika ma ke kula nui a me ka ʻoihana i nā mea e lilo i poʻomanaʻo i ka makahiki aʻe

Kiʻi: Will Ludwig/C&EN/Shutterstock

MAHER EL-KADY, LUNA HOʻOKELE ʻENEHANA NUI, NANOTECH ENERGY, A ME ELECTROCHEMIST, KE KULANUI O KALEPONI, LOS ANGELES

Hōʻaiʻē: Ma ka lokomaikaʻi o Maher El-Kady

"I mea e hoʻopau ai i ko mākou hilinaʻi ʻana i nā wahie fossil a hoʻēmi i kā mākou hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ke kalapona, ʻo ke koho ʻē aʻe maoli wale nō ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka uila i nā mea āpau mai nā hale a i nā kaʻa. I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua ʻike mākou i nā holomua nui i ka hoʻomohala ʻana a me ka hana ʻana i nā pila ikaika aʻe e manaʻo ʻia e hoʻololi nui i ke ʻano o kā mākou huakaʻi ʻana i ka hana a kipa aku i nā hoaaloha a me ka ʻohana. No ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka hoʻololi piha ʻana i ka mana uila, pono mau ka hoʻomaikaʻi hou ʻana i ka nui o ka ikehu, ka manawa hoʻouka hou, ka palekana, ka hana hou ʻana, a me ke kumukūʻai no kēlā me kēia kilowatt hour. Hiki i kekahi ke manaʻo e ulu hou ka noiʻi pila i ka makahiki 2023 me ka nui o nā kemika a me nā ʻepekema mea e hana pū ana e kōkua i ka hoʻokomo ʻana i nā kaʻa uila ma ke alanui."

ʻO KLAUS LACKNER, LUNA HOʻOKELE, KE KIKOWAENA NO NĀ HOʻOKUʻU KALAPONA MAIKAʻI ʻOLE, KE KULANUI MOKUʻĀINA ʻO ARIZONA

Hōʻaiʻē: Ke Kulanui Mokuʻāina ʻo Arizona

"Mai ka COP27, [ka ʻaha kūkā kaiapuni honua i mālama ʻia ma Nowemapa ma ʻAigupita], ua lilo ka pahuhopu aniau 1.5 °C i mea paʻakikī, e hoʻokūpaʻa ana i ka pono no ka wehe ʻana i ke kalapona. No laila, e ʻike ʻia ka holomua o nā ʻenehana hopu pololei i ka ea 2023. Hāʻawi lākou i kahi ala hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia i nā hoʻokuʻu maikaʻi ʻole, akā he pipiʻi loa no ka hoʻokele ʻōpala kalapona. Eia nō naʻe, hiki i ka hopu pololei i ka ea ke hoʻomaka liʻiliʻi a ulu i ka helu ma mua o ka nui. E like me nā panela solar, hiki ke hana nui ʻia nā mea hopu pololei i ka ea. Ua hōʻike ka hana nui i ka hōʻemi ʻana o ke kumukūʻai ma nā kauoha o ka nui. Hiki i ka makahiki 2023 ke hāʻawi i kahi ʻike i kahi o nā ʻenehana i hāʻawi ʻia e hiki ke hoʻohana i ka hōʻemi ʻana o ke kumukūʻai i loko o ka hana nui.

ʻO RALPH MARQUARDT, LUNA HOʻOKELE NUI, EVONIK INDUSTRIES

Hōʻaiʻē: ʻEvonik Industries

"He hana nui ka hoʻōki ʻana i ka loli o ke aniau. Hiki ke holomua inā hoʻohana mākou i nā kumuwaiwai liʻiliʻi. He mea nui ka hoʻokele waiwai pōʻai maoli no kēia. ʻO nā haʻawina a ka ʻoihana kemika i kēia, ʻo ia nā mea hou, nā kaʻina hana hou, a me nā mea hoʻohui e kōkua i ke ala no ka hana hou ʻana o nā huahana i hoʻohana mua ʻia. Hana lākou i ka hana hou ʻana o ka mīkini i ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi a hiki ke hana hou i nā kemika ma mua o ka pyrolysis kumu. Pono ka ʻike loea mai ka ʻoihana kemika no ka hoʻolilo ʻana i nā ʻōpala i mau mea waiwai nui. I loko o kahi pōʻaiapuni maoli, hana hou ʻia nā ʻōpala a lilo i mau mea maka waiwai nui no nā huahana hou. Eia nō naʻe, pono mākou e wikiwiki; pono kā mākou mau hana hou i kēia manawa e hiki ai i ka hoʻokele waiwai pōʻai i ka wā e hiki mai ana."

SARAH E. O'CONNOR, LUNA HOʻOKELE, KEʻENA O KA BIOSYNTHESIS HUAHANA KŪLOHELOHE, KEʻENA MAX PLANCK NO KA ʻEKOLOGI KEMIKALA

Kiʻi: Sebastian Reuter

"Hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻano hana '-Omics' e ʻike i nā genes a me nā enzymes a nā bacteria, fungi, mea kanu, a me nā meaola ʻē aʻe e hoʻohana ai e hana i nā huahana kūlohelohe paʻakikī. A laila hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kēia mau genes a me nā enzymes, pinepine i ka hui pū ʻana me nā kaʻina hana kemika, e hoʻomohala i nā kahua hana biocatalytic aloha i ke kaiapuni no nā molekala he nui ʻole. I kēia manawa hiki iā mākou ke hana i nā '-omics' ma kahi cell hoʻokahi. Ke wānana nei au e ʻike mākou pehea e hoʻololi nei nā transcriptomics cell hoʻokahi a me nā genomics i ka wikiwiki o kā mākou loaʻa ʻana i kēia mau genes a me nā enzymes. Eia kekahi, hiki ke hana ʻia nā metabolomics cell hoʻokahi i kēia manawa, e ʻae ana iā mākou e ana i ka nui o nā kemika i loko o nā cell pākahi, e hāʻawi ana iā mākou i kahi kiʻi pololei loa o ke ʻano o ka hana ʻana o ke cell ma ke ʻano he hale hana kemika."

RICHMOND SARPONG, KEMIKĀ ORGANIC, KE KULANUI O KALEPONI, BERKELEY

Kiʻi: Niki Stefanelli

"ʻO ka ʻike maikaʻi ʻana i ka paʻakikī o nā molekala organik, no ka laʻana pehea e ʻike ai ma waena o ka paʻakikī o ke ʻano a me ka maʻalahi o ka synthesis, e hoʻomau ʻia mai nā holomua i ke aʻo ʻana o ka mīkini, kahi e alakaʻi ai i ka wikiwiki i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hopena a me ka wānana. E hānai kēia mau holomua i nā ala hou e noʻonoʻo ai e pili ana i ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka wahi kemika. ʻO kahi ala e hana ai i kēia, ʻo ia ka hana ʻana i nā hoʻololi i ka periphery o nā molekala a ʻo kekahi e hoʻopili i nā loli i ke kumu o nā molekala ma ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā iwi o nā molekala. No ka mea, ʻo nā kumu o nā molekala organik he mau pilina ikaika e like me ke kalapona-kalapona, kalapona-nitrogen, a me nā pilina kalapona-oxygen, ke manaʻoʻiʻo nei au e ʻike mākou i ka ulu ʻana o ka helu o nā ʻano hana e hana ai i kēia mau ʻano pilina, ʻoi aku hoʻi i nā ʻōnaehana unstrained. ʻO ka holomua i ka photoredox catalysis e kōkua pū i nā kuhikuhi hou i ka hoʻoponopono iwi. "

ʻO ALISON WENDLANDT, KEMIKĀ ORGANIC, KE KAHUA ʻENEHANA MASSACHUSETTS

Kiʻi: Justin Knight

"I ka makahiki 2023, e hoʻomau nā kemika organik i ka hoʻokuke ʻana i nā ʻano koho kiʻekiʻe. Manaʻo wau e ulu hou aʻe nā ʻano hoʻoponopono e hāʻawi ana i ka pololei o ka pae atom a me nā mea hana hou no ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā macromolecules. Ke hoʻomau nei au i ka hoʻoikaika ʻia e ka hoʻohui ʻana o nā ʻenehana pili mua i loko o ka pahu hana kemika organik: ʻo nā mea hana biocatalytic, electrochemical, photochemical, a me ka ʻepekema ʻikepili akamai e lilo i mea maʻamau. Manaʻo wau e ulu hou aku nā ʻano hana e hoʻohana ana i kēia mau mea hana, e lawe mai iā mākou i ka kemika a mākou i manaʻo ʻole ai he hiki."

Nānā: Ua hoʻouna ʻia nā pane a pau ma o ka leka uila.