Pono ka noiʻi ʻana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka waikawa citric i loko o nā e-liquids e hoʻomaopopo maikaʻi i kona hiki ke hana i nā anhydrides hiki ke hōʻino i nā mahu.
Loaʻa maoli ka waikawa citric i loko o ke kino a "ʻike nui ʻia he palekana" ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā huahana hanu lāʻau. Eia nō naʻe, hiki ke hana ʻia ka decomposition thermal o ka waikawa citric ma nā mahana hana o kekahi mau mea vaping. Ma kahi o 175-203°C, hiki i ka waikawa citric ke decompose e hana i ka citraconic anhydride a me kāna isomeric itaconic anhydride.
He mau mea hoʻonāukiuki hanu kēia mau anhydrides—nā kemika, ke hanu ʻia, hiki ke hoʻoulu i nā hopena alerika mai nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi hay fever a hiki i ka anaphylactic shock.
Ua hoʻohana nā kānaka ʻepekema o British American Tobacco i ka chromatography kinoea i hui pū ʻia me ka time-of-flight mass spectrometry e kālailai i ka mahu i hana ʻia i ka wā e hoʻomehana ʻia ai ka e-liquid i loaʻa ka citric acid i loko o kahi mea vaping. ʻO ka mea i hoʻohana ʻia he cigarette uila hanauna mua (e like me ka cigarette). Ua hiki i nā kānaka ʻepekema ke ana i ka nui o ka anhydride i loko o ka mahu.
Ua hōʻike ʻia nā hualoaʻa i kēia lā ma ka hālāwai makahiki o ka Nicotine and Tobacco Research Association ma Florence, Italia.
"Hiki i ka waikawa citric i loko o ka e-liquid ke alakaʻi i nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka citraconia a/a i ʻole itaconic anhydride i loko o nā uahi, ma muli o ka hāmeʻa," wahi a Kauka Sandra Costigan, Luna Nui Toxicologist ma Vaping Products.
"Eia nō naʻe, ke manaʻoʻiʻo nei mākou i ka hoʻohana pono ʻana i nā mea ʻono a ua hoʻopau i kekahi mau mea ʻono i kā mākou huahana." ua ʻimi ʻia ma mua o ke kālepa ʻia ʻana o ka ʻaila," wahi a Costigan.
Manaʻo ka poʻe he nui i loko o ke kaiāulu olakino lehulehu he nui ka hiki i nā e-cigarette ke hōʻemi i ka hopena olakino lehulehu o ka puhipaka. Ua hoʻokuʻu koke aku nei ʻo Public Health England, ke keʻena hoʻokō o ke Keʻena Ola o UK, i kahi hōʻike e ʻōlelo ana ua manaʻo ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka e-cigarette ma kahi o 95% palekana ma mua o ka puhipaka. Ua ʻōlelo ke Royal College of Physicians hiki i ka lehulehu ke hilinaʻi he ʻoi aku ka palekana o nā e-cigarette ma mua o ka puhipaka a pono e hoʻolaha nui ʻia ma ke ʻano he pani no nā cigarette.
Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi typo, hewa, a i ʻole makemake ʻoe e waiho i kahi noi e hoʻoponopono i ka ʻike o kēia ʻaoʻao, e ʻoluʻolu e hoʻohana i kēia palapala. No nā nīnau maʻamau, e ʻoluʻolu e hoʻohana i kā mākou palapala hoʻokaʻaʻike. No ka manaʻo maʻamau, e ʻoluʻolu e hoʻohana i ka ʻāpana manaʻo lehulehu ma lalo nei (nā ʻōlelo paipai e ʻoluʻolu).
He mea nui loa kāu manaʻo iā mākou. Eia nō naʻe, ma muli o ka nui o nā leka, ʻaʻole hiki iā mākou ke hōʻoia i nā pane pākahi.
Hoʻohana wale ʻia kāu leka uila e hoʻomaopopo i ka mea loaʻa i hoʻouna mai i ka leka uila. ʻAʻole e hoʻohana ʻia kou helu wahi a me ka helu wahi o ka mea loaʻa no kekahi kumu ʻē aʻe. E ʻike ʻia ka ʻike āu i hoʻokomo ai ma kāu leka uila a ʻaʻole e mālama ʻia e Medical Xpress ma kekahi ʻano.
E loaʻa i nā mea hou o kēlā me kēia pule a/a i ʻole kēlā me kēia lā i kāu pahu leka. Hiki iā ʻoe ke kāpae i kāu kau inoa i kēlā me kēia manawa a ʻaʻole loa mākou e kaʻana like i kāu ʻikepili me nā ʻaoʻao ʻekolu.
Hoʻohana kēia pūnaewele i nā kuki e hoʻomaʻalahi i ka hoʻokele ʻana, e kālailai i kāu hoʻohana ʻana i kā mākou lawelawe, e hōʻiliʻili i ka ʻikepili e hoʻopilikino i nā hoʻolaha, a hāʻawi i nā ʻike mai nā ʻaoʻao ʻekolu. Ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i kā mākou pūnaewele, ke ʻae nei ʻoe ua heluhelu a hoʻomaopopo ʻoe i kā mākou Kulekele pilikino a me nā ʻŌlelo Hoʻohana.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: ʻApelila-12-2023